Effect of Mining Exploitation on the Ground Surf ace and Structures 1n Heavily Industrialized and Populated Areas
Prof. Zygmunt Kowalczyk The Academy of Mining and Me tallurgy, Kra kow, Poland
A theory permitting the determination of expected surface
deformations for planned underground exploitation
is proposed and discussed in this paper.
The relations between surface s ubsidence and various
methods of mining are analyzed, and allowable horizontal
.deformations for protected objects, according to the degree
of their significance, are reviewed.
Keywords:
Coal, coal, exploitation, subsidence, trough, Upper Silesia, deformation, Deformations, Displacement, Exploitation, mining, Safety pillars, Shafts, Subsidence
